Análisis retrospectivo de implantes para sobredentaduras en maxilar inferior, en el marco de la formación de recursos humanos / Retrospective analysis of dental implants placed in the lower jaw, within the post graduate dental training framework

Objetivo: Evaluar el porcentaje de implantes oseointegrados colocados en pacientes edéntulos para la confección de sobredentaduras inferiores, en el marco de la formación de recursos humanos. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes que recibieron dos implantes dentales inferiores para la confección de sobredentaduras en el servicio de residentes de la carrera de Especialización en Cirugía y Traumatología Bucomaxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre agosto de 2012 y diciembre de 2018. Se consideraron para el análisis el porcentaje de implantes oseointegrados y su relación con el tipo de operador (docente o residente), la situación del reborde óseo y el hábito de fumar. Resultados: De los 176 implantes colocados en 88 pacientes (edad promedio = 67 años), a los 3-4 meses el 98% (IC95: 94-99%) se hallaba oseointegrado. No se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el tipo de operador y el fracaso (P>0,99) Conclusión: En un servicio de formación, la tasa de éxito, evaluada en la segunda cirugía, de dos implantes dentales colocados en el maxilar inferior para sobredentaduras fue de 98%. No se hallaron diferencias entre los resultados logrados por residentes y docentes del servicio (AU)

Aim: To evaluate the percentage of osseointegrated im- plants placed in edentulous patients to restore with mandib- ular overdentures, within the post graduate dental training framework. Materials and methods: Medical records of patients who received two dental implants in the mandible for the placement of overdentures in the resident clinic of the special- ization career in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Trauma- tology from the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, between August 2012 and December 2018. The percentage of osseointegrated implants was analysed, and the association with the variables: operator (teacher or resident), mediate or immediate placement, and smoking. Results: 176 implants were placed in 88 patients with an average age of 67 years old. 98% (IC95: 94-99%) of the implants were osseointegrated at 3-4 months. No statistically significant association was detected between the type of oper- ator and implant failure (P>0.99). Conclusion: In the teaching dental training clinic, the success rate, evaluated at the second implant stage surgery, of two dental implants placed in the mandibule for overden- tures was 98%. No differences were found between the results achieved by residents and teachers (AU)

Prótese nasal óculo-suportada / Prótesis nasal sostenida por armaduras de gafas / Nasal prosthesis supported by eyeglass frames

A mutilação da face pode ocorrer devido à remoção cirúrgica de cânceres ou traumas na região, com importante prejuízo estético e funcional. Tais mutilações provocam alterações morfológicas, funcionais e psicossociais podendo levar o indivíduo ao isolamento social e familiar, ou mesmo deixa-lo estigmatizado. Assim, é imperativo que os profissionais da saúde, especialmente os cirurgiões-dentistas, participem de sua reabilitação. Nesse aspecto, as técnicas de osseointegração têm se destacado na reabilitação desses pacientes como método de fixação, entretanto, nem todos os pacientes podem se beneficiar delas, seja devido a obstáculos financeiros ou a contraindicação inerente à sua condição. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o caso da reabilitação de um paciente com perda de grande parte do apêndice nasal devido a um cirurgia oncológica. Paciente do sexo feminino, com 77 anos de idade compareceu apresentando perda de grande parte do apêndice nasal devido a uma cirurgia para ressecção de lesão de câncer de pele seguida de radioterapia adjuvante. A condição sistêmica da paciente contraindicava a realização de cirurgia reparadora e o uso de implantes osseointegráveis. Assim, optou-se pela reabilitação com prótese nasal de resina acrílica óculo-suportada. Em conclusão, com o procedimento empregado, a paciente apresentou melhora em sua respiração, estética e qualidade de vida, favorecendo usa reinserção à vida social(AU)

Face mutilation may occur due to surgical removal of cancer or trauma in the region, with an important aesthetic and functional impairment. Such mutilations cause morphological, functional and psychosocial changes that lead the individual to the social and family isolation, in addition to acquiring the status of stigmatized individual. Therefore, it is an imperative that health professionals, especially dentists, participate in their rehabilitation. Bone integration techniques have excelled in the rehabilitation of these patients as a fixation method; however, not all patients can benefit from it, either because of financial obstacles inherent in their condition or because of contraindication. The objective of this work is to describe the case of a rehabilitated patient with loss of much of the nasal appendage due to cancer surgery. It is a 77-year-old female patient, with loss of much of the nasal appendage due to surgery for resection of a skin cancer lesion, which was subjected to auxiliary radiation therapy and rehabilitation. Surgery and the use of bone-integrable implants were contraindicated due to the patient's overall health. So we opted for the use of a prosthetic acrylic resin nose sustained by eyeglass frames. In conclusion, by means of the procedure used, the patient experiences improvement in breathing, aesthetic appearance, quality of life, which favors her reintegration into the social life(AU)

La mutilación de la cara puede ocurrir debido a la extirpación quirúrgica del cáncer o trauma en la región, con un importante deterioro estético y funcional. Tales mutilaciones causan cambios morfológicos, funcionales y psicosociales que llevan al individuo al aislamiento social y familiar, además de la adquisición de la condición de individuo estigmatizado. Por tanto, es imperativo que los profesionales de la salud, especialmente los dentistas, participen en su rehabilitación. Técnicas de osteointegración se han destacado en la rehabilitación de estos pacientes como método de fijación, sin embargo, no todos los pacientes se pueden beneficiar de ella, ya sea debido a obstáculos financieros o contraindicación inherente a su condición. Constituye objetivo de este trabajo describir el caso de un paciente rehabilidtado con pérdida de gran parte del apéndice nasal debido a una cirugía de cáncer. Se trata de un paciente del sexo femenino, de 77 años de edad, con la pérdida de gran parte del apéndice nasal debido a una cirugía para la resección de la lesión del cáncer de piel, el cual se sometió a radioterapia auxiliar y rehabilitación. La cirugía y el uso de implantes de hueso integrable fueron contraindicados debido a la salud general del paciente. Así que optamos por el uso de una prótesis nasal de resina acrílica sostenida por armaduras de gafas. En conclusión, con el procedimiento empleado, la paciente experimenta mejora en la respiración, la estética, la calidad de vida, lo que favorece su reinserción a la vida social(AU)

Tratamento de doença peri-implantar e regeneração óssea guiada associada a osso autógeno: relato de caso / Treatment of peri-implantitis and guided bone regeneration associated with autogenous bone: a case report

Os implantes osseointegráveis foram incorporados como importantes aliados para o tratamento reabilitador, servindo de forma bastante satisfatória quer em tratamentos unitários ou em reabilitações mais extensas. Entretanto, algumas situações adversas à saúde podem acontecer, como, por exemplo, a peri-implantite, que é uma doença infecciosa semelhante à periodontite crônica, que afeta os tecidos peri-implantares, cujo tratamento visa a restauração funcional e estética, restabelecendo a condição de saúde. A maioria dos tratamentos busca a redução da carga bacteriana do ambiente da bolsa peri-implantar por meio da descontaminação dasuperfície do implante, seguida ou não da tentativa de regenerar osso. Vários protocolos de tratamento já foram sugeridos, porém, ainda se sabe pouco se essas terapias são capazes de devolver a osseointegração dos implantes. Objetivo: o objetivo desse relato de caso foi apresentar alguns aspectos da doença peri-implantar, com ênfase em seu tratamento, apresentando os resultados favoráveis da correção da perda de suporte por meio de enxerto ósseo autógeno associado a regeneração óssea guiada, podendo resultar em um alto índice de ganho ósseo e completo recobrimentodos implantes.

Dental implants have been considered important allies in the rehabilitation treatment of lost teeth, either in single-unit cases or in more complex rehabilitations. However, adverse outcomes may occur, for instance, peri-implantitis, which is an infectious disease similar to chronic periodontitis, affecting peri-implant tissues of which treatment aims at restoring health, as well as function and esthetics. Most treatments focus on reducing the microbiological burden of the peri-implant environment pocket by decontaminating the implant surface. In many cases, treatment of infection is followed by bone regeneration with fairly good results. Several treatment protocols have been suggested, however, little is yet known whether these therapies are able to lead to new osseointegration of implants. Objective: The aim of this case report was to show some aspects of peri-implantitis with emphasis on its treatment, and to show the outcomes of associating autogenous bone graft with guided bone regeneration. Our results reveal that the association between both techniques might result in high bone gain rates and complete implant cover.

History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease

The success rates in implant dentistry vary significantly among patients presenting previous history of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) are more susceptible to peri-implant disease (PID) than those without history of CP. Two hundred and fifteen individuals, under periodontal maintenance, presenting 754 osseointegrated implants, were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the peri-implant status: Control group (patients without PID; n=129) and PID group (patients with PID; n=86). All peri-implant regions were clinically evaluated, including analyses of mucosa inflammation, edema and implant mobility. Periapical radiography assessed the presence of peri-implant bone loss. According to the clinical/radiographic characteristics, patients in Control and PID groups were diagnosed as having CP or not. Nominal variables were evaluated by the chi-square test. The distribution of numeric variables was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze significant differences for parametric and non-parametric data. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. There was a highly significant correlation between CP history and PID (p<0.0001). Patients with CP had 4 times more chance of developing PID than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. Also, CP patients showed higher bleeding on probing (p=0.002) and bone loss around implant (p=0.004) when compared with patients without CP. In conclusion, history of CP is a high risk factor for the development of PID, irrespective of gender or region of implant placement.

Resumo O índice de sucesso em implantodontia varia significantemente entre indivíduos apresentando história prévia de periodontite. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se pacientes com história de periodontite crônica (CP) são mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de doença peri-implantar (PID) do que pacientes sem história de CP. Duzentos e quinze indivíduos, sob manutenção periodontal, apresentando 754 implantes osseointegrados, foram selecionados para este estudo. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com o estado peri-implantar: Grupo Controle (pacientes sem PID, n=129) e Grupo PID (pacientes com PID, n=86). Todas as regiões peri-implantares foram clinicamente avaliadas, incluindo análise da inflamação na mucosa, edema e mobilidade do implante. Radiografias periapicais avaliaram a presença de perda óssea peri-implantar. De acordo com as características clínico/radiográficas, pacientes nos Grupos Controle e PID foram diagnosticados como tendo CP ou não. As variáveis nominais foram avaliadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. A distribuição das variáveis numéricas foi avaliada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O Teste t e o teste de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para analisar a significância dos dados, em caso de distribuição normal e não-normal, respectivamente. Valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significante. Os resultados mostraram que há correlação altamente significativa entre história de CP e presença PID (p<0,0001), com risco 4 vezes maior de desenvolver PID para pacientes com CP. Pacientes com CP também mostraram maior sangramento à sondagem (p=0,002) e perda óssea peri-implantar (p=0,004) quando comparados a pacientes sem CP. Concluímos que história de periodontite crônica é um fator de alto risco ao desenvolvimento ...

Estudio retrospectivo de 91 cirugías de elevación de seno maxilar para rehabilitación sobre implantes

Los injertos óseos para elevación del piso sinusal han sido utilizados por largo tiempo con buenas tazas de éxito. EL objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar el comportamiento intraoperatorio y postoperatorio de 91 cirugías consecutivas de elevación de seno maxilar. Fueron seleccionados 72 pacientes de entre 18 y 66 años para realizar el procedimiento con anestesia local o general; se estudiaron variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias, postoperatorias, instalación de implante y complicaciones de la cirugía. El análisis de datos se realizó con la prueba test de Fisher con p<0,05 para establecer significancia estadística. En el 74,7 por ciento se utilizó hueso autólogo con o sin ayuda de biomaterial, siendo que en 86,8 por ciento se utilizó un sitio donante intrabucal. Se instalaron 101 implantes siendo un 69,3 por ciento instalado en un segundo procedimiento quirúrgico y los restantes 31 implantes instalados en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico de instalación de injerto óseo; no se observó diferencia estadística entre el éxito de los implantes instalados en uno o dos tiempos quirúrgicos (p>0,05); se observo la pérdida de 4 implantes, los cuales no fueron asociados a ningún tipo de material utilizado para el relleno óseo (p>0,05). La principal complicación fue la laceración de membrana, presente en el 18,7 por ciento, postergándose el procedimiento para ser realizado nuevamente en 13 de los 17 casos. Finalmente se puede concluir que la elevación de seno es un procedimiento reconocido y que es viable de presentar y asegurar estabilidad de los implantes instalados para el desarrollo de la oseintegración.

Osseous graft for sinus floor elevation has been used for a long time with good results. The aim of this research was to evaluate the operatory and post operatory characteristic of 91 consecutively surgeries for sinus floor elevation. We selected medical records of 72 patient between 18 and 66 years of age for the treatment with local or general anesthesia. Data analysis was realized with a Fisher test with p<0,05 for statistical significance. In the 74.7 percent autogenous bone with or without biomaterial was used; in 86,8 percent intraoral donor site was used. We installed 101 implants with 69.3 percent installed in the second surgical time and the other 31 implant installed in the same surgical time with the bone graft; we did not observe any statistical relation in the survival of implants installed in surgical times one or two (p>0,05). We observed the loss of 4 implants without relation with the material used for sinus lift (p>0,05). The more common complication was membrane laceration in 18.7 percent, and in 13 of 17 cases with this situation the same surgery was performed at a later time. Finally, it can be concluded that the sinus lift is a recognized and safe procedure showing implant stability for adequate osseointegration.

Resultados de los estudios experimentales y evolución clínica en la cirugía reconstructiva con polímero osteointegrable / Results of experimental studies and clinical evolution in reconstructive surgery with osseointegrated polymer

Introducción: Los sustitutos óseos son todos aquellos materiales elaborados. Se comercializan en diversas formas y han demostrado gran eficacia en diversos tipos de reconstrucción. Materiales y métodos: En el período comprendido entre marzo de 2003 y marzo de 2010 se realizaron 28 intervenciones quirúrgicas (17 mujeres y 11 varones) sobre la articulación de la cadera. En 26 casos fueron cirugías de revisión y sólo dos, artroplastias primarias. La edad promedio en el momento de la cirugía fue de 62,6 años (rango 52 a 88). Resultados: Los resultados se clasificaron en clínicoradiológicos y experimentales debiendo diferenciar distintos parámetros, a saber: la resistencia de carga a la compresión en diseños de cotilos, en fémures cadavéricos y en cotilos recuperados; imágenes de microscopia electrónica y el comportamiento volumétrico al final de su fase de expansión. Los resultados clínico-radiológicos se observaron a través de sus ventajas en la rehabilitación, la recuperación funcional, la ausencia de dolor, la osteointegración a lo largo del tiempo y la ausencia de subsidencias o migración de los implantes. Conclusiones: Como en el caso de todas las experiencias en medicina, este es el comienzo de nuevas técnicas que hasta el momento han servido para resolver problemas difíciles, de forma más rápida, práctica y segura.

Background: bone substitutes are man-made materials. They are supplied in various forms and have proven their effectiveness in different reconstruction types. Methods: From March 2003 to March 2010 twenty eight (17 females and 11 males) surgical interventions were performed on the hip joint. 26 cases were revision surgery and only 2 were primary arthroplasties. Average age at the time of surgery was 62.6 years (range 52-88). Results: The results were classified in clinical-radiological and experimental; different parameters were considered: resistance to compression in acetabular designs, cadaver femurs, and recovered acetabuli. Electron microscopy images were obtained and the volumetric behavior at the end of the expansion phase was measured. Clinical-radiological results were rated according to their advantages in the rehabilitation, functional recovery, absence of pain, osteointegration in time, and absence of implant subsidence or migration. Conclusions: As with all experiences in medicine, this is the beginning of new techniques that have served so far to solve difficult problems in a faster, safer and more practical manner.

Cirugía de revisión acetabular utilizando un cotilo modular con superficie de metal trabecular de tantalio: resultados a corto plazo / Acetabular revision surgery using a modular acetabular cup coated with trabecular metal of tantalum: short term results

Objectives: To evaluate short-term clinical results of patients performed acetabular revision surgery using a Trabecular Tantalum coated modular acetabular cups. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive analysis of a serie of 32 consecutive patients (34 hips) with acetabular revision surgery (23 women, 9 men, mean age 70.7 years), mean follow-up 32 month (12-60). The Paprosky and the AAOS acetabular defects classifications were assessed. According to Paprosky acetabular defects classification, there were eleven type I, two IIA, three IIB, nine IIC, seven IIIA and two IIIB. According to AAOS acetabular defects classification there were thirteen patients with type 1, nine patients with type 2, ten type 3 and two type 4. The percentage of own acetabular bone in contact with the new cup was recorded for each patient at the time of surgery and was 45 percent (range from 20 to 80 percent), with 23 patients presenting less than 50 percent of bone contact (mean 35 percent). Postoperatively, osseous integration was radiographically assessed. Functional results were evaluated according to the Harris Hip Score (HSS). The complications related to the implant were also recorded. Results: In all radiographic assessments performed at 3, 6 and 12 month postoperatively an integrated cup without signs of migration or osteolysis was observed. Four patients (11.8 percent) presented recurrent hip dislocation that required a revision surgery without further cup revision. The final clinical assessment was performed at a mean of 26 month after surgery (12-60) with a mean HHS of 91.8 points. Conclusion: Trabecular tantalum coated modular acetabular cups in acetabular revision surgery shows good short term clinical results even with acetabular defects greater than 50 percent. No cup loosening was observed in these series.

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados clínicos a corto plazo de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revisión acetabular utilizando cotilos modulares con superficie de metal trabecular de tantalio. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de una serie consecutiva de 32 pacientes (34 caderas) sometidos a cirugía de revisión acetabular (23 mujeres, 9 hombres, edad promedio 70,7 años), seguimiento promedio 32 meses (12-60). Se clasifican los defectos acetabulares de acuerdo ala clasificación de Paprosky y de la AAOS. Según la clasificación de Paprosky de los defectos acetabulares, 11 pacientes tenían categoría I, 2 categoría IIA, 3 categoría IIB, 9 categoría IIC, 7 categoría IIIA y 2 categoría IIIB. Según la clasificación de la AAOS, 13 pacientes correspondieron a nivel 1, 9 pacientes a nivel 2, 10 a nivel 3 y 2 a nivel 4. Se registra el porcentaje de hueso propio acetabular en contacto con el nuevo cotilo de cada paciente que fue en promedio 45 por ciento (20-80 por ciento), presentándose en 23 caderas un porcentaje < 50 por ciento, el cual fue en promedio 35 por ciento. En el postoperatorio se evalúa la integración ósea mediante radiografías de pelvis. Se evalúan los resultados funcionales mediante el HHS (Harris Hip Score) y las complicaciones postoperatorias relacionadas con el implante. Resultados: En todas las radiografías postoperatorias realizadas a los 3, 6 y 12 meses se evidenciaba el cotilo integrado, sin signos de migración ni osteolisis. Cuatro pacientes (11,8 por ciento) presentaron luxaciones recidivantes de cadera, las cuales requirieron de una cirugía de revisión sin recambio del cotilo. La última evaluación clínica fue en promedio 26 meses tras la cirugía (12-60 meses) constatándose un HHS promedio de 91,8 puntos. Conclusión: El uso de cotilos modulares con revestimiento de metal trabecular de tantalio en cirugías de revisión acetabular presenta buenos resultados clínicos a corto plazo incluso en defectos óseos acetabulares superiores...

A comparative study of "plasmacup" and "porous-coated" acetabular components: survival after 10 to 12 years of follow-up

OBJECTIVES: Our primary aim was to compare the long-term survivorship rates and the rates of successful osseointegration between two different types of uncemented acetabular components. INTRODUCTION: Two types of alloys have primarily been used for the manufacture of the uncemented acetabular components: titanium-based and cobalt-based alloys. A titanium-based alloy appears to be more effective with regard to interface stress transfer to the host bone because of its lower elastic modulus relative to a cobalt-based alloy. This supposed mechanical advantage of a titanium-based alloy component motivated this comparative study. METHODS: Two uncemented acetabular components, a porous-coated acetabulum and a Plasmacup®, were compared with a focus on long-term prosthesis survivorship and the development of acetabular osseointegration. Five radiographic signs of osseointegration were evaluated at the last follow-up appointment: (1) absence of radiolucent lines, (2) presence of a superolateral buttress, (3) medial stress-shielding, (4) radial trabeculae, and (5) an inferomedial buttress. We considered the presence of any three of these radiographic signs, in the absence of acetabular dislocation or symptoms, to be indicative of successful acetabular osseointegration. RESULTS: Among 70 patients implanted with the porous-coated acetabulum, 80 percent achieved osseointegration over a mean follow-up time of 11.9 years versus 75.3 percent of the 73 patients who received a Plasmacup insert over a mean of 10.7 years. Prosthesis survivorship rates were not different between the two groups. Revision surgery due to mild or severe acetabular osteolysis, polyethylene wear, and aseptic loosening occurred in eight patients (11.4 percent) with a PCA versus nine (12.3 percent) with a Plasmacup. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, during the first ten years after surgery, there is no significant difference between these two types of uncemented cups with regard to either prosthesis survivorship or successful osseointegration.